Can we predict who will benefit from cognitive-behavioural therapy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of machine learning studies
Year: 2022
Type: review
Study designs: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis
Abstract: Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is the first line of treatment for several mental health disorders. However, not all patients show clinical improvements after receiving CBT. Machine learning allows inferences at the individual level and therefore is a promising approach for predicting who will and will not benefit from CBT. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify all studies that used machine learning to predict clinical response to CBT. A random-effects meta-analysis of proportions was used to estimate an overall performance accuracy across all studies. Twenty-four studies (N = 7497) were identified, covering five diagnostic groups: Major Depressive Disorder (k = 4), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD, k = 5), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (k = 2), Anxiety Disorders (AD, k = 7), Substance Use Disorders (k = 4) and two transdiagnostic models. Studies used clinical, neuroimaging, cognitive and genetic data, or a combination of these, as predictors. The overall performance accuracy across studies was 74.0% [70.0-77.8]. Accuracies differed significantly between diagnostic groups and was highest in PTSD (78.7%, 69.1-87.0), AD (77.6%, 67.5-86.4) and OCD (76.1%, 67.3-84.0). Some studies were at a high risk of bias due to how the outcome was operationalised and/or how the analyses were conducted/reported. There are many challenges to overcome before these promising results can be applied to real-world clinical practice.
Source: Clinical Psychology Review
Institutions: King's College London, University of Coimbra
Language: English
Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,530
Funder: Wellcome Trust
Award: G9000083188
OpenAlex ID: W4292994768