Contrast enhancement for undetectable intrahepatic bile duct to facilitate endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy
Year: 2023
Type: article
Study design: Case Report
Abstract: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) has utility as a salvage procedure when transpapillary biliary drainage is too difficult [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound (CE-EUS) allows evaluation of perfusion in real time during endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and can be used to evaluate a range of tumor types [ 4 ] [ 5 ]. Herein, we demonstrate the use of CE-EUS to visualize the intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) during EUS-HGS. A 74-year-old woman diagnosed with pancreatic head cancer associated with biliary obstruction was referred for management of obstructive jaundice after failure of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography due to duodenal obstruction. EUS-HGS for biliary drainage was planned. A convex-type EUS scope (EG-580UT; Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan) was inserted to evaluate the left lobe of the liver from the stomach. Although computed tomography (CT) had demonstrated dilatation of the IHBD, the IHBD could not be visualized on B-mode EUS ([ Fig. 1 ]). Careful evaluation revealed a portion of the dilated IHBD, but the IHBD was filled with echogenic bile juice with similar echogenicity to the adjacent liver parenchyma. As clear visualization of the IHBD was challenging with EUS, we decided to perform contrast-enhanced EUS-HGS (CE-EUS-HGS). An ultrasound contrast agent (Sonazoid; GE Healthcare Pharma, Tokyo, Japan) was intravenously administered and enabled clear visualization of the IHBD on the extended pure harmonic mode of EUS ([ Fig. 2 ]). The dilated IHBD was punctured using a 19-gauge needle ([ Fig. 3 ]). Proper puncture was confirmed by injection of contrast through the hepaticogastrostomy followed by insertion of a guidewire into the biliary system ([ Fig. 4 ]). The fistula was dilated with a 7-Fr bougie dilator. Finally, a 7-Fr dedicated plastic stent for HGS (TYPE IT; Gadelius, Tokyo, Japan) was deployed at the fistula ([ Fig. 5 ]). Obstructive jaundice resolved after the procedure without any adverse events ([ Video 1 ]). Fig. 1 The dilated intrahepatic bile duct was not visible on endoscopic ultrasonography. Fig. 2 Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography enabled clear identification of the dilated intrahepatic bile duct. a Extended pure harmonic mode. b B-mode. Fig. 3 Puncture of the bile duct using a 19-gauge fine needle aspiration needle under endoscopic ultrasound guidance. a Extended pure harmonic mode. b B-mode. Fig. 4 Contrast injection confirmed appropriate puncture of the bile duct, and a guidewire was inserted into the biliary system. Fig. 5 Hepaticogastrostomy: a plastic stent was deployed at the fistula. Video 1 Contrast-enhancement to identify otherwise undetectable dilated hepatic bile ducts, enabling endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy. Quality: mobile 360 480 720 Download In normal liver, the bile duct is the only structure that is not enhanced on CE-EUS. CE-EUS-HGS may have utility in the clear and accurate detection of the IHBD in cases where visualization of the IHBD on EUS is limited by the presence of concentrated bile juice. Endoscopy_UCTN_Code_TTT_1AS_2AD Endoscopy E-Videos https://eref.thieme.de/e-videos Endoscopy E-Videos is an open access online section, reporting on interesting cases and new techniques in gastroenterological endoscopy. All papers include a high quality video and all contributions are freely accessible online. Processing charges apply, discounts and wavers acc. to HINARI are available. This section has its own submission website at https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/e-videos Publication History Article published online: 09 March 2023 © 2023. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
Source: Endoscopy
DOI: 10.1055/a-2032-3512
Institution: Gifu University Hospital
Language: English
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W4323655321