Biological nitrogen recirculation to food protein – A review
Year: 2023
Type: article
Abstract: Nitrogen is a part of a complex cycle with transformative reactions being not only an essential element for living organisms, but also facilitating negative environmental impacts as eutrophication and climate change. To reduce the negative environmental impacts, closing the nitrogen loop, reducing inputs of fossil-based synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, and returning nitrogen-rich material and waste streams back into the food system are essential. This review investigates the potential of nitrogen transformation technologies to return nitrogen to food systems from existing material streams, levelling the imbalances of the nitrogen cycle. Review of both conventional and biotechnological pathways for nitrogen recovery, as well as of legal aspects and safety issues uncovers the knowledge gaps, potentials, and barriers for making nitrogen circular in a food system context. Further a few technologies aiming the recirculation of the nitrogen disclosed as a basis for potential industrial scale up and implementation.
Source: Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy
Institutions: German Institute of Food Technologies, Technical University of Munich, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Institute for Food and Environmental Research, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, University of Latvia, Thomas More Kempen
Language: English
Subfield: Waste Management and Disposal
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,200
Funders: Agentschap Innoveren en Ondernemen, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Norges Forskningsråd, Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju, Horizon 2020, European Regional Development Fund, Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung
Awards: G1042407767, FACCE SURPLUS 3: Upwaste - Nachhaltiges Upcycling von Agrarreststoffen mittels eines modularen und kaskadischen Konversionssystems, Teilvorhaben DIL Deutsches Institut für Lebensmitteltechnik e.V., FACCE SURPLUS 3: Upwaste - Nachhaltiges Upcycling von Agrarreststoffen mittels eines modularen und kaskadischen Konversionssystems, Teilvorhaben Institut für Lebensmittel- und Umweltforschung e.V., G2928741232, G3775715659, G3945052215, Sustainable up-cycling of agricultural residues: modular cascading waste conversion system., G5637904723, G84077119
OpenAlex ID: W4386574460