Protective Effects of Citrus Flavonoid Hesperidin in Enterocytes After Induction with TNF-α and IFN-ɣ Which Mimic the COVID-19 Disease
Year: 2023
Type: article
Abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS:Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by a virus and exhibits various symptoms such as cough, fever, and chills.Flavonoids have a potential inhibitory effect on coronaviruses.In this study, we determined the effects of hesperidin on enterocyte cells (IEC) after tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ induction which mimics the severe acute respiratory therapy-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The IEC-6 were treated with 50 ng/mL of TNF-α and 100 ng/mL of IFN-ɣ for 48 h to mimic inflammatory shock similar to COVID-19 disease.IEC-6 cells were cultured as control, COVID-19 disease mimic, hesperidin prophylactic, or treated groups.The cytotoxicity effect of hesperidin was analyzed using an MTT assay.Serum levels of TNF-α and interleukin (IL)8 were evaluated using ELISA.The distributions of TNF-α, IFN-ɣ, IL-1ß, Insulin-like growth factor-I, and caspase-3 were analyzed by indirect immunoperoxidase staining.RESULTS: Both TNF-α and IL8 levels were higher in TNF-α and IFN-ɣ induction of enterocyte culture medium than in the control.Lesser immunoreactivity of TNF-α was detected in the treatment group which hesperidin applicate after TNF-α and IFN-ɣ combination.While IL-1 immunoreactivity was similar in both the hesperidin prophylactic and treatment groups, lesser immunoreactivity of TNF-α was observed in the hesperidin treatment group.Both IFN-ɣ and vascular endothelial growth factor A immunoreactivities were also decreased in the hesperidin treatment group. CONCLUSION:We found that hesperidin had anti-inflammatory and cell protection effects in IEC after TNF-α and IFN-γ induction which mimics the model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Therefore, hesperidin could be used to reduce gastrointestinal system symptoms in COVID-19 disease.
Language: English
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4387977667