Inequalities in Resources for Preschool-Age Children by Parental Education: Evidence from Six Advanced Industrialized Countries
Year: 2023
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: This paper provides new evidence on inequalities in resources for children age 3-4 by parental education using harmonized data from six advanced industrialized countries-United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Netherlands, and Japan-that represent different social welfare regime types. We analyze inequalities in two types of resources for young children-family income, and center-based child care-applying two alternative measures of parental education-highest parental education, and maternal education. We hypothesize that inequalities in resources by parental education will be less pronounced in countries where social policies are designed to be more equalizing. The results provide partial support for this hypothesis: the influence of parental education on resources for children does vary by the social policy context, although not in all cases. We also find that the measurement of parental education matters: income disparities are smaller under a maternal-only definition whereas child care disparities are larger. Moreover, the degree of divergence between the two sets of estimates differs across countries. We provide some of the first systematic evidence about how resources for young children vary depending on parents' education and the extent to which such inequalities are buffered by social policies. We find that while early inequalities are a fact of life in all six countries, the extent of those inequalities varies considerably. Moreover, the results suggest that social policy plays a role in moderating the influence of parental education on resources for children.
Institutions: Columbia University, University of Chicago, City University of New York, Hunter College, University of Bristol, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Leipzig University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national d'études démographiques, Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris, Centre de recherche sur les Inégalités Sociales, University of Bamberg, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Educational Quality Improvement, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Osaka University of Economics, Japan Women's University, Keio University
Language: English
Topic: Social Policies and Family
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
SDG: Reduced inequalities
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $2,890
Awards: The Development of Inequalities in Child Educational Achievement: A Six Country Study, Research on Educational Inequality in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Investigating Global Issues Through Innovation of Online Survey and Experimental Methods, Plateforme de REcherche sur les COhortes d'enfants suivis depuis la NAIssance, G5793364523, Structure and change of broader inequality since the COVID-19 crisis: Economics research based on household panel data, Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Job Transfers on Families, G6733827016, G7407287409, ORA (Round 5) The Development of Inequalities in Child Educational Achievement: A Six Country Study
OpenAlex ID: W4389479741