Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: The cortex controls cell shape. In mouse oocytes, the cortex thickens in an Arp2/3-complex-dependent manner, ensuring chromosome positioning and segregation. Surprisingly, we identify that mouse oocytes lacking the Arp2/3 complex undergo cortical actin remodeling upon division, followed by cortical contractions that are unprecedented in mammalian oocytes. Using genetics, imaging, and machine learning, we show that these contractions stir the cytoplasm, resulting in impaired organelle organization and activity. Oocyte capacity to avoid polyspermy is impacted, leading to a reduced female fertility. We could diminish contractions and rescue cytoplasmic anomalies. Similar contractions were observed in human oocytes collected as byproducts during IVF (in vitro fertilization) procedures. These contractions correlate with increased cytoplasmic motion, but not with defects in spindle assembly or aneuploidy in mice or humans. Our study highlights a multiscale effect connecting cortical F-actin, contractions, and cytoplasmic organization and affecting oocyte quality, with implications for female fertility.
Source: Developmental Cell
Institutions: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm, Collège de France, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, Max Planck Society, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, University of Milano-Bicocca
Language: English
Subfield: Cell Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $9,350
Funders: European Commission, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National Du Cancer, Fondation Bettencourt Schueller, Fondation du Collège de France, European Research Council, Horizon 2020, H2020 European Research Council
Awards: Memory in living systems: an integrated approach, G1449229046, INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE, G1742243815, G196500007, G2079521050, G2226273268, G282959247, G434337789, G4586079565, G461943475, G4656594441, G4866930200, G541215150, G5527199202, G6864219965, GRK 2756: Das Zytoskelett als aktives System – von molekularen Wechselwirkungen zu zellulärer Biophysik, G7052094829, G7240651115, Reverse-engineering the development of embryos with physics-informed machine learning, G7804708475, G782245399
OpenAlex ID: W4392005472