Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: Ukraine has a large number of freshwater reserves -rivers and lakes.However, almost all of them are contaminated with harmful substances.The most harmful substances are heavy metals.The main sources of water pollution are industrial and agricultural wastewater, and as they develop, the volume of wastewater pollution is growing.In this regard, the need for clean water is growing.Objective.To investigate the sorption characteristics of new sorbents based on natural minerals and polyelectrolytes in relation to heavy metal ions and to determine the possibility of their use in solving environmental problems.Methods.X-rays are transverse electromagnetic vibrations with a wavelength of 10-2 -10-2Å.The method uses monochromatic X-rays, usually K ɑ -series lines (arising from the transition of electrons in atoms from the L-shell to the K ɑ -shell) of metals from chromium (denoted CrK ɑ ) to molybdenum (MoK ɑ ), whose wavelengths range from 2.3 to 0.7 Å.The use of X-rays for the study of crystalline substances is based on the fact that its wavelength is comparable to the distance between the orderedly arranged atoms in the lattice of crystals, which is a natural diffraction lattice.The essence of X-ray analysis methods is precisely the radiation of the diffraction pattern obtained by the reflection of X-rays by atomic planes in the crystal structure.The basis of X-ray analysis is the Wolfe-Bragg equation, which relates the angle of incidence or reflection of an X-ray beam on an atomic plane to its wavelength ƛ and the value of the interlunar distance d.Results.The study of sorption capacity under static conditions was carried out using model aqueous solutions of lead, molybdenum, and tungsten metal salts with a concentration of 1 g/L.The loading of sorbents was taken at the rate of 100 ml of model solution per 0.5 g of composite.The composite of montmorillonite with guanidine methacrylate (MMT/GM) 50:50 was chosen as the object of research.The study was carried out at room temperature.The mass concentration of metals in water samples before and after treatment with composites was measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis using an automated diffractometer DRON-6 at the collective use center of the KBGU "X-ray Diagnostics of Materials".The extraction of W(VI) and Mo(VI) ions from aqueous solution by composites was evaluated by the following parameters: -concentration of ions in the initial solution and in the purified aqueous phase, mg/L; -degree of metal removal, %.The research results showed that the studied polymer-clay composites have high sorption characteristics in relation to the studied ions and are of significant practical interest for use in environmental technologies related to the regeneration of contaminated water sources.Scientific novelty.The study of sorption characteristics of new sorbents based on natural minerals and polyelectrolytes in relation to heavy metal ions and the identification of the possibility of their use to solve environmental problems.Practical significance.The assessment of the possibilities of using sorbents is that it can lead to real improvements in water quality, environmental protection, resource conservation and promotion of sustainable development.
Institution: Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University
Language: English
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4396539628