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Xanthogranulomatous pleuritis induced by recurrent biliothorax due to a biliopleural fistula: The first case report in the literature

Year: 2024

Type: article

Abstract: Xanthogranulomatous pleuritis is an extremely rare pathological entity, characterized by the infiltration of foamy cells and multinucleated giant cells within the pleural space. This condition often mimics infectious and neoplastic processes, presenting significant diagnostic challenges. This report details the first documented case of xanthogranulomatous pleuritis induced by recurrent biliothorax due to a biliopleural fistula, presenting a unique clinical scenario. We describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic hurdles, and both the surgical and medical management of this case. The discovery of biliothorax, evidenced by pleural fluid bilirubin levels that exceed serum bilirubin levels, underscores the importance of considering biliothorax in the differential diagnosis of recurrent pleural effusions, particularly in patients with a history of trauma. This case emphasizes the need for heightened awareness and a multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis and treatment to effectively manage this complex condition and prevent recurrence.

Source: Respiratory Medicine Case Reports

DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2024.102065

Authors: Moatasem Hussein Al-janabi, Hussein Kaada, Ghina Ismail, Dommar Roumieh, Zuheir Al-Shehabi

Institution: Latakia University

Language: English

Topic: Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases

Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,200