Lipidome changes due to improved dietary fat quality inform cardiometabolic risk reduction and precision nutrition
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: Current cardiometabolic disease prevention guidelines recommend increasing dietary unsaturated fat intake while reducing saturated fats. Here we use lipidomics data from a randomized controlled dietary intervention trial to construct a multilipid score (MLS), summarizing the effects of replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat on 45 lipid metabolite concentrations. In the EPIC-Potsdam cohort, a difference in the MLS, reflecting better dietary fat quality, was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (-32%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): -21% to -42%) and type 2 diabetes (-26%; 95% CI: -15% to -35%). We built a closely correlated simplified score, reduced MLS (rMLS), and observed that beneficial rMLS changes, suggesting improved dietary fat quality over 10 years, were associated with lower diabetes risk (odds ratio per standard deviation of 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59 to 0.98) in the Nurses' Health Study. Furthermore, in the PREDIMED trial, an olive oil-rich Mediterranean diet intervention primarily reduced diabetes incidence among participants with unfavorable preintervention rMLS levels, suggestive of disturbed lipid metabolism before intervention. Our findings indicate that the effects of dietary fat quality on the lipidome can contribute to a more precise understanding and possible prediction of the health outcomes of specific dietary fat modifications.
Source: Nature Medicine
Authors: Fabian Eichelmann, Marcela Prada, Laury Sellem, Kim G. Jackson, Jordi Salas Salvadó, Cristina Razquin Burillo, Ramon Estruch, Michael Friedén, Frederik Rosqvist, Ulf Risérus, Kathryn M. Rexrode, Marta Guasch-Ferré, Qi Sun, Walter C. Willett, Miguel Angel Martinez-Gonzalez, Julie A. Lovegrove, Frank B. Hu, Matthias B. Schulze, Clemens Wittenbecher
Institutions: German Center for Diabetes Research, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Catalunya Sud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Navarre Institute of Health Research, Universidad de Navarra, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Uppsala University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Harvard University, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Potsdam, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology
Language: English
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $12,290
Funders: Broad Institute, Joint Programming Initiative A healthy diet for a healthy life, European Commission, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Göteborgs Universitet, Science for Life Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sahlgrenska Akademin, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Awards: Verbund FAME: Fettsäuremetabolismus als Marker für Ernährung und kardiometabolische Gesundheit, Biochemical Markers in the nurses' Health Study Cohort, G1718233269, G1845850921, G1892934672, G1940426220, G2210612989, G2421588870, G247774864, G2522823403, G2587242381, G2975900969, G3354324101, G360954899, G4494103574, G5858631157, G640459779, Long Term Multidisciplinary Study of Cancer in Women: The Nurses Health Study, Dietary Interventions, Metabolites, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Premenopausal Hormone Levels and Risk of Breast Cancer, G8709696155, G9000028950, G9000058679, G9000185549, Life Course Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in Women, Mediterranean diet, Metabolites, and Cardiovascular Disease, G943618753
OpenAlex ID: W4400555652