Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: Primary hyperparathyroidism is an endocrinological disorder related to calcium metabolism.Typically, it is characterized by hypercalcemia and elevated serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH), the hormone produced by the parathyroid glands.Most cases of primary hyperparathyroidism occur due to an adenoma of the parathyroid glands (85% of cases).Biochemical screening tests, introduced in the 1970s, made it possible to diagnose the disease earlier, even in the asymptomatic phase.The disease can be diagnosed at a symptomatic stage, typically in countries where screening tests are not common.In the symptomatic phase, the disease can cause bone loss, kidney stone formation, as well as gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric manifestations.Primary hyperparathyroidism may present with serum calcium concentration within the normal range, but with parathyroid hormone at levels above the normal limit.Diagnosis of the disease involves clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging tests, with ultrasound and 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy being the most commonly used imaging methods.The only treatment that can cure the disease is parathyroidectomy, in which one or more parathyroid glands are removed.Surgery allows an increase in bone mineral density and reduces the incidence of nephrolithiasis.For patients who do not undergo surgery, monitoring of serum calcium concentrations and bone mineral density is indicated.
Authors: João Francisco Pozzebon Dotto, Vinícius Freitas Pedron, Luiza Caffarate Sarturi, Pedro Caffarate Sarturi, Luane Dornelles Loureiro, Maria Elizabeth Bonorino Bortolanza, Lucca Corcini Biscaino, Gisre Merg Saraiva, Lillian Cocco, Luana Trindade dos Santos, Elisa de Ávila Lopes, Renata Cursano Hoch
Institution: Universidade Franciscana
Language: English
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W4401416932