Work

Hydroxyapatite/PCL/Fe3O4 waste-based composite: An efficient green catalyst for spirooxindole-chromene synthesis under ultrasonic irradiation

Year: 2024

Type: article

Abstract: Hydroxyapatite (HAp) derived from bioresources has garnered attention due to its advantageous catalytic capabilities. In this study, HAp was synthesized from green mussel shell waste and subsequently composited with Fe 3 O 4 for utilization as a catalyst in the synthesis of spirooxindole-chromene compound. The synthesis and characterization of pristine HAp, Fe 3 O 4 , and HAp/PCL/Fe 3 O 4 samples were thoroughly investigated. XRD analysis , coupled with refinement techniques, revealed that pristine HAp crystallized in the P 63/ m hexagonal structure, while Fe 3 O 4 crystallized in the Fd- 3 m cubic structure. Additionally, the HAp/PCL/Fe 3 O 4 composite exhibited a combination of both materials properties. SEM-EDX micrographs depicted an irregular morphology for HAp/PCL/Fe 3 O 4 with an average particle size of approximately 156 nm. The catalytic performance of HAp/PCL/Fe 3 O 4 in the synthesis of spirooxindole was evaluated using a one-pot three-component method assisted by ultrasonic irradiation, resulting in the highest yield of 78.54 % within a relatively short time frame. Moreover, the repeated use of HAp/PCL/Fe 3 O 4 as a catalyst led to a negligible decrease in product yield, making it an environmentally friendly catalyst option.

Source: Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100892

Authors: Agus Rimus Liandi, Renita Wulan Sari, Tio Putra Wendari, Imelda, Dwi Febriantini, Andon Insani