Year: 2024
Type: book-chapter
Abstract: This chapter aims to detoxify industrial wastewater through techniques like photo/bio and nanocatalysts. Water has a significant role in the sustenance of human life and existence. Human population and its activity are also good factors that incorporate their major factor in water pollution, these major contributions such as the rapid industrialization of forests and unsustainable agricultural practices that are the major global concerns. Rapid industrialization and urbanization result in increased pollution and the buildup of dangerous compounds that damage aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The “International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry” (IUPAC) has put heavy metals into different groups based on how they are toxic and dangerous. Heavy metals are regarded to represent a severe threat to the environment. There are both organic (like organometallic compounds, organic material from laboratories, dyes, pesticides, hydrocarbon, and medicine from hospitals) and inorganic (like heavy metals from inorganic laboratories, coal-burning power stations, oil refineries, and petrochemical plants) groups of toxic substances that are debauched for the environment and living beings. However, for sustainability, protection of environment and cleaning of contaminated/waste water are essential. Heavy metals are of two types such as toxic and essential heavy metals. Some trace metals like zinc, copper, and iron are essential for the human body to enhance metabolism. Those heavy metals can persist in the natural aquatic body for a longer period of time because they are nonbiodegradable in nature. Toxic waste material from factories, drainage from villages, municipalities, and household/domestic sectors also must be thrown away, which has become a big problem in modern society. In the last few years, much research and new ideas have been done in the area of wastewater treatment, and various methods are implemented in this technique such as photocatalytic degradation, bioremediation of toxic material, and nanocatalytic activity for detoxification of wastewater. The goal is to figure out how catalysis works and make it more effective for cleaning the air, soil, and water pollution. These methods are cost-effective for the detoxification of industrial wastewater and easily performed at the industrial level. The catalytic method is likely effective for treating drinking water and domestic and commercial wastes. Overall, this study intends to project a path of rapid development that provides a broad overview of recent applications of nanotechnologies and biotechnologies as future opportunities that are involved in the field of wastewater treatment.
Source: Wiley eBooks
Authors: Mohd Ehtesham, Naushad Ansari, Gyanendra Kumar, Satendra Kumar, Panmei Gaijon, Sudipta Ghosh, M. Ramananda Singh, Arun Kant
Institutions: Jamia Millia Islamia, University of Delhi, D.S.N. College, Unnao
Language: English
Subfield: Environmental Engineering
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W4402138018