Year: 2024
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Rotavirus was the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis among US children until vaccine introduction in 2006, after which, substantial declines in severe rotavirus disease occurred. We evaluated rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE) over 13 years (2009-2022). METHODS: We analyzed data from the New Vaccine Surveillance Network using a test-negative case-control design to estimate rotavirus VE against laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infections among children seeking care for acute gastroenteritis (≥3 diarrhea or ≥1 vomiting episodes within 24 hours) in the emergency department (ED) or hospital. Case-patients and control-patients were children whose stool specimens tested rotavirus positive or negative, respectively, by enzyme immunoassay or polymerase chain reaction assays. VE was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio)×100%. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated by multivariable unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Among 16 188 enrolled children age 8 to 59 months, 1720 (11%) tested positive for rotavirus. Case-patients were less often vaccinated against rotavirus than control-patients (62% versus 88%). VE for receiving ≥1 dose against rotavirus-associated ED visits or hospitalization was 78% (95% confidence interval [CI] 75%-80%). Stratifying by a modified Vesikari Severity Score, VE was 59% (95% CI 49%-67%), 80% (95% CI 77%-83%), and 94% (95% CI 90%-97%) against mild, moderately severe, and very severe disease, respectively. Rotavirus vaccines conferred protection against common circulating genotypes (G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G9P[8], and G12[P8]). VE was higher in children <3 years (73% to 88%); protection decreased as age increased. CONCLUSIONS: Rotavirus vaccines remain highly effective in preventing ED visits and hospitalizations in US children.
Source: PEDIATRICS
Authors: Alpha Oumar Diallo, Mary E. Wikswo, Iddrisu Sulemana, Leila C. Sahni, Julie A. Boom, Sasirekha Ramani, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Mary E. Moffatt, Christopher J. Harrison, Natasha Halasa, James Chappell, Laura Stewart, Mary Allen Staat, Elizabeth Schlaudecker, Christina Quigley, Eileen J. Klein, Janet A. Englund, Danielle M. Zerr, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Peter G. Szilagyi, Christina Albertin, Samantha H. Johnston, John V. Williams, Marian G. Michaels, Robert W. Hickey, Aaron T. Curns, Michelle Honeywood, Slavica Mijatovic-Rustempasic, Mathew D. Esona, Michael D. Bowen, Umesh D. Parashar, Rashi Gautam, Sara A. Mirza, Jacqueline E. Tate
Institutions: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Epidemic Intelligence Service, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Children's Mercy Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Rochester Medicine, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Language: English
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
Funders: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi, New York State Department of Health, University of Pittsburgh, University of Rochester, National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Sanofi Pasteur, AIDS Institute, New York State Department of Health, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
Awards: ENHANCED SURVEILLANCE FOR NEW VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASE, G1525652914, IP21-002, ENHANCED SURVEILLANCE TO ASSESS VACCINE PREVENTABLE ENTERIC AND RESPIRATORY VIRUS ILLNESSES, ENHANCED SURVEILLANCE FOR NEW VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASES, G2457274125, G4480091288, IP21-002, ENHANCED SURVEILLANCE NETWORK FOR ENTERIC AND RESPIRATORY VIRUSES IN CHILDREN: ASSESSING DISEASE BURDEN, NATURAL HISTORY, AND VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS, ENHANCED SURVEILLANCE FOR NEW VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASES, G6225343201, G6834327577, ENHANCED SURVEILLANCE FOR NEWLY PREVENTABLE DISEASES (ARI AND AGE SURVEILLANCE) ROCHESTER, NY, G7254749671, G7262236560, G7543494365, G759907268, IP21-002, NEW VACCINE SURVEILLANCE NETWORK, G8059787508, SURVEILLANCE FOR VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASE IN CHILDREN
OpenAlex ID: W4402394818