Variability in indicators of productivity elements of bread spring wheat collection samples in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Year: 2023
Type: article
Abstract: Topicality. An important area of spring wheat breeding work is to increase yields by improving head productivity, which is always a relevant area of research. Purpose. To identify the peculiarities in variability of the productivity attributes of bread spring wheat collection samples and to involve them as source material in breeding programmes. Materials and Methods. The research was carried out during 2020–2022 at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine. The material for the research was 105 samples of bread spring wheat, the variety Elehia Myronivska was used as a standard. Laboratory and field, mathematical and statistical methods were used. Results. It was found that the formation of the head length was determined by the genotype and meteorological conditions of the year. During the years of research, the number of kernels per head was characterised by an average level of variability (Сv = 12.2–14.1 %) and varied from 33.6±1.6 to 48.9±1.9 pcs. It should be noted that the average value of grain weight per head was at the level: in 2020 – 1.6±0.08 g, 2021 – 1.5±0.07 g, 2022 – 1.9±0.1 g. The coefficient of variation had an average level of variability of 13.8–14.7 %. It was found that the kernel weight per head depended more on the conditions of the year of cultivation than on genotypic characteristics. Over the years of research, the 1000 grain weight, depending on the genotypes, varied from 29.7±0.7 g in the Stepnaia 50 sample (Kazakhstan) to 43.2±1.4 g in the MIP Oleksandra (Ukraine). The genotypes differed slightly in terms of response rate. The highest range of variation was observed in 2021 (11.7 g), and the lowest in 2020 (6.9 g). It was found that the 1000 grain weight varied depending on the conditions of the year of cultivation and genotype. Conclusions. Samples with a complex of traits are of practical interest for breeding work: MIP Oleksandra, MIP Svitlana, Bozhena, MIP Solomiia, Oksamyt Mironivskyi (Ukraine), Lamys, Amina (Kazakhstan), Matthus, Melissos, Quintus (Germany), Alicia (Czech Republic), BAV 92/SERI (Mexico), Tianmin 198 (People's Republic of China), Licamero (France), which are recommended as parental components for crosses. Determination of the correlation coefficients of phenotypic productivity elements revealed that the yield level is influenced to varying degrees by the elements of the head structure, allowing identification of genotypes for introduction into breeding programmes as source material. Key words: bread spring wheat, collection samples, productivity attributes, yielding capacity, correlation coefficients
Language: English
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
SDG: Zero hunger
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4407175448