Work

The molecular basis of thyroid status formation and its role in the initiation and promotion of gastric and colorectal cancer: A review

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The concept of thyroid status is much broader than assessing the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, free and bound thyroid hormones in the systemic circulation. It includes features of transport, tissue bioavailability, receptor interaction, metabolism, biomolecular mechanisms of action and inactivation, as well as the physiological or pathophysiological basis of changes in function and the pathomorphological substrate of diseases, including malignancies. Therefore, the question of the mechanisms through which thyroid status influences the processes of tumor initiation and promotion in the gastrointestinal tract is extremely relevant. Regarding colorectal cancer, an ambiguous link between thyroid status has been identified – in some studies, an increase in free T4 concentration and thyrotoxicosis are associated with a decreased risk of developing colon cancer, while in others, the administration of levothyroxine in hypothyroidism had a protective effect. The risk of gastric cancer is elevated in men living in regions with suboptimal or above-normal iodine consumption and suffering from various thyroid pathologies. This paper analyzes modern ideas about pathogenetic relationship between gastric and colon cancer and patients' thyroid status. It presents physiological and biochemical basics of thyroid status formation. Deiodinase expression profile in gastric and colon cancer is stated. The problem of iodine-induced disthyroidoses following radiation procedures using iodine-containing contrasts is described in detail.

Source: Journal of Modern Oncology

DOI: 10.26442/18151434.2024.4.202908