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Unveiling Pharmacological Promise of Mangifera indica (Haribhanga) Peel Extract: Exploring an Untapped Cultivar Through Biochemical and Computational Approaches

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The Haribhanga is one of the most renowned varieties of mango native to the Rangpur region of Bangladesh. The study aimed to explore the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological potentialities of the methanolic extract of Mangifera indica (Haribhanga) (MEMI) peel. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiarthritic activities of MEMI peel were conducted by the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, disc diffusion, and protein denaturation assays, respectively. The extract was administered to STZ‐induced diabetic mice for 7 days for the observation of blood glucose, body weight, lipid profile, and liver enzyme levels. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was performed to identify phytochemicals in the extract. Subsequently, molecular docking was conducted to predict the binding affinity of the identified compounds. The MEMI peel exhibited notable antioxidant potentiality with an IC 50 value of 4.43 ± 0.68 μg/mL and antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus with a zone of inhibition of 20.67 ± 1.52 mm. Furthermore, MEMI peel demonstrated substantial antiarthritic activity, with the highest inhibition of denaturation of protein (88%) observed at the highest dose (500 μg/mL). In the in vivo experiments, MEMI peel led to a significant increase in high‐density lipoprotein ( p < 0.001, p < 0.05), with a significant decrease in blood glucose ( p < 0.001), triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein ( p < 0.0001) in STZ‐induced diabetic mice. Comparing the diabetic control mice, the MEMI peel substantially decreased ( p < 0.001) the high serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Moreover, the extract significantly improved the body weight ( p < 0.001) of diabetic mice after 7 days of treatment. GC‐MS analysis identified 28 bioactive compounds, primarily fatty acid esters in the MEMI peel. Di‐n‐octyl phthalate, terpinen‐4‐ol, 8,11,14‐docosatrienoic acid methyl ester, and phenol, 2‐methoxy‐4‐(2‐propenyl)‐acetate exhibited the most favorable binding potential in molecular docking studies. The results suggest that MEMI peel possesses antimicrobial, antiarthritic, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and liver enzyme protective activities as a promising antioxidant.

Source: Scientifica

DOI: 10.1155/sci5/6516268