Work

Geometric Red-Teaming for Robotic Manipulation

Year: 2025
Type: preprint
Abstract: Standard evaluation protocols in robotic manipulation typically assess policy performance over curated, in-distribution test sets, offering limited insight into how systems fail under plausible variation. We introduce Geometric Red-Teaming (GRT), a red-teaming framework that probes robustness through object-centric geometric perturbations, automatically generating CrashShapes -- structurally valid, user-constrained mesh deformations that trigger catastrophic failures in pre-trained manipulation policies. The method integrates a Jacobian field-based deformation model with a gradient-free, simulator-in-the-loop optimization strategy. Across insertion, articulation, and grasping tasks, GRT consistently discovers deformations that collapse policy performance, revealing brittle failure modes missed by static benchmarks. By combining task-level policy rollouts with constraint-aware shape exploration, we aim to build a general purpose framework for structured, object-centric robustness evaluation in robotic manipulation. We additionally show that fine-tuning on individual CrashShapes, a process we refer to as blue-teaming, improves task success by up to 60 percentage points on those shapes, while preserving performance on the original object, demonstrating the utility of red-teamed geometries for targeted policy refinement. Finally, we validate both red-teaming and blue-teaming results with a real robotic arm, observing that simulated CrashShapes reduce task success from 90% to as low as 22.5%, and that blue-teaming recovers performance to up to 90% on the corresponding real-world geometry -- closely matching simulation outcomes. Videos and code can be found on our project website: https://georedteam.github.io/ .
Language: English
Open Access status: green
Award: PURPOSE: THE PURPOSE OF THIS GRANT IS TO DEVELOP METHODS FOR THE VALIDATION AND DEPLOYMENT OF AI-POWERED ROBOTS IN MANUFACTURING APPLICATIONS. THE RESEARCH WILL ENABLE THE BENCHMARKS AND STANDARDIZED EVALUATION METRICS FOR ROBOT AI MODELS TO REDUCE THE ADOPTION RISK IN REAL APPLICATIONS.ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED: THE PROPOSAL WILL PERFORM THE FOLLOWING THREE ACTIVITIES:1) ROBOTIC MANUFACTURING TESTBEDS VIA GENERATIVE SIMULATION ? THEY WILL DEVELOP AN AI ROBOTIC INFORMATION SYSTEM THAT INVOLVES CREATING A GENERATIVE SIMULATION FRAMEWORK THAT ENABLES MANUFACTURERS THE ABILITY TO AUTOMATICALLY GENERATE ROBOTIC MANUFACTURING TEST-BEDS WITH THOUSANDS OF ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATIONS. THEY WILL USE LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS (LLMS) TO PARSE LANGUAGE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT TO EXTRACT THE DESIRED OBJECTS, SPATIAL LAYOUTS, AND TASKS GOALS. THEY WILL ALSO USE THE VISION LANGUAGE MODEL (VLMS) TO EXTRACT INFORMATION FROM IMAGES OR VIDEOS, OR A COMBINATION OF BOTH. OBJECT ASSETS REQUIRED FOR THE SIMULATION CAN EITHER BE GENERATED USING TEXT-TO-3D OBJECT GENERATIVE MODELS OR RETRIEVED FROM EXISTING OBJECT DATASETS.2) AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND TASK VARIATIONS FOR LEARNED ROBOT MODEL VALIDATION ? THEY WILL EXPLORE METHODS TO GENERATE REALISTIC AND PLAUSIBLE ENVIRONMENT VARIATIONS WITHIN MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENTS USING GENERATIVE SIMULATION. THESE VARIATIONS MAY INCLUDE CHANGES IN OBJECT SIZE, SHAPE, VISUAL TEXTURE, AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, AS WELL AS THE INITIAL CONFIGURATION OF ROBOTS AND OBJECTS (E.G., POSITIONS AND JOINT ANGLE CONFIGURATIONS), TASK OBJECTIVES (E.G., TARGET PLACEMENT LOCATIONS OF OBJECTS), AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS SUCH AS LIGHTING CONDITIONS. THEY WILL PROMPT AN LLMS TO SUGGEST THESE VARIATIONS, ENSURING THEY ARE REALISTIC AND CONTEXTUALLY APPROPRIATE. ALL OF THE GENERATED VARIATIONS CAN BE USED TO VALIDATE THE ROBUSTNESS OF EXISTING ROBOT LEARNING MODELS, OR TO TRAIN NEW MODELS TO BE ROBUST TO SUCH VARIATIONS. 3) AUTOMATIC ANALYSIS OF RESULTS AND PATTERNS - THEY WILL DEVELOP A METHOD TO AUTOMATICALLY ANALYZE THE PERFORMANCE OF ROBOT AI MODELS IN THE GENERATED VARIATIONS OF THE MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENTS. THEY WILL DEVELOP AUTOMATIC TECHNIQUES TO IDENTIFY THE FAILURES IN LEARNED ROBOTIC MANUFACTURING CONTROL MODELS, CLUSTER THE FAILURE CASES, AND EXPLAIN THE POSSIBLE REASONS FOR THE FAILURES, WHICH CAN HELP IDENTIFY COMMON REGIONS WHERE A LEARNED ROBOT MODEL FAILS TO GENERALIZE TO REALISTIC VARIATIONS IN A MANUFACTURING SETUP AND PROVIDE GUIDANCE ON PRIORITIZING AREAS FOR MODEL IMPROVEMENT. EXPECTED OUTCOMES: THE DEPLOYMENT OF THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGIES WILL ADDRESS THE KEY CHALLENGE OF THE VALIDATION AND DEPLOYMENT OF AI-POWERED ROBOTS IN MANUFACTURING APPLICATIONS. THE SUCCESS OF THE PROJECT WILL ENABLE THE DEVELOPMENT OF BENCHMARKS AND STANDARDIZED EVALUATION METRICS FOR ROBOT AI MODELS IN INDUSTRY. IT WILL GREATLY BENEFIT THE INDUSTRY BY INCREASING RELIABILITY TO INTRODUCE AI-DRIVEN AUTOMATION INTO MANUFACTURING FACILITIES AT A GREATER SCALE, LEADING TO INCREASED EFFICIENCY, PRODUCTIVITY, AND INNOVATION IN THE INDUSTRY. INTENDED BENEFICIARIES: ROBOT END USERS, ROBOT VENDORS, ROBOT SYSTEMS INTEGRATORS, MANUFACTURERS, U.S. INDUSTRYSUBRECIPIENT ACTIVITIES: THE RECIPIENT DOES NOT INTEND TO SUBAWARD FUNDS.
OpenAlex ID: W4415315389
Cites: 13
Cited by:
Related to: 10