Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: With the growing demand for railway traffic, both in terms of Passenger and freight transportation, the traffic density has increased, sometimes exceeding the line capacity on busy routes. However, the signalling system has been advanced through high-end EI (electronic interlocking) for the safest movement of trains. Nevertheless, the safety of trains at higher speeds may be compromised due to the dependency on human interaction between crew members (engine drivers) and ground staff (station controllers). Excessive human dependence may result in SPAD (Signal Passed at Danger), head-on collisions, rear-end collisions, or side collisions involving high-speed trains. The objective of this study is to analyse an additional layer of train protection that can automatically stop the train before an incident occurs, without requiring human interaction. The aim of this paper is to study the complexity of this system through a technological survey of various systems, including AWS (Automatic Warning System), ACD (Anti-Collision Device), TPWS (Train Protection and Warning System), TCAS (Train Collision Avoidance System) and finally ATP (Automatic Train Protection System). The paper also summarizes technological upgradation in accordance with various international standards, including ETCS (European Train Control System), SIL (Safety Integrity Level), CENLEC (European Committee for Electrical Standardization), and ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute). ERTMS (European Rail Traffic Management System) is a European Union-mandated framework for interoperable and safer railway signaling and control. Section I provides an overview of the literature review background for technical papers on train protection with moving block and virtual coupling. The concept of Virtual Coupling advances Moving Block operations by reducing train separation to less than the standard braking distance, utilizing Train-to-Train RF communication. The system also mutually exchanges dynamic information (e.g., location, speed, acceleration) and trains can be separated by a relative braking safe distance of a train behind the train. Section II provides an introduction and development of TCAS generations, including the upgradation or inclusion of technology, and Section III summarizes the basic functions of TCAS. Section IV: RFID Tag and making of TIN layout details, Section V: Introduces NMS. Section VI gives insight into the Establishment of communication. Section VII provides the initiation of radio Communication. Sections VIII & IX focus on the Conclusion and Future Scope.
Authors: Rajev Kumar Sharma, Ajay Sharma, Sandeep Kanaujia
Institution: United University
Language: English
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4415470925