From ANI to AGI to ASI: A Comprehensive Review of Capabilities, Challenges, and Future Pathways
Year: 2025
Type: preprint
Abstract: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has undergone substantial advancements, evolving from narrow, taskbased systems to the conceptualization of intelligence that rivals or even surpasses human levels, and even attains superhuman capabilities. This study presents a comprehensive examination of the three primary forms of AI: Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), and Artificial Superintelligence (ASI). The study delves into the historical evolution of these technologies, examining the enabling technologies, key applications, and fundamental distinctions in adaptability, reasoning, and autonomy. The study also addresses the major technical, ethical, and societal challenges associated with each stage of AI development, including safety, value alignment, and governance. A comparative analysis is employed in the study to illuminate current capabilities and delineate future research directions necessary for a safe and aligned transition from ANI to AGI and ultimately to ASI. This work provides actionable insights for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders committed to the sustainable and responsible advancement of AI.
Language: English
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W4415716682