Efficient Synthesis of Highly Substituted Imidazoles Catalysed by Cu(I) Complexes Containing Phosphine Functionalised Hydrazone Ligands
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: ABSTRACT A sustainable approach has been reported for synthesising highly substituted imidazoles via copper(I) catalysed multicomponent cyclocondensation reaction using benzil, aldehyde, aniline and ammonium acetate. The moisture‐stable copper(I) containing NNP tridentate complexes of general formula [Cu(I)(PPh 3 )( L 1–3 )] [ HL 1 = (2‐(diphenyl phosphaneyl benzylidene hydrazineyl benzo thiazole, HL 2 = diphenyl phosphaneyl benzylidene hydrazineyl quinoline, HL 3 = diphenyl phosphaneyl benzylidene hydrazineyl nicotinic acid] were obtained by reacting [Cu (PPh 3 ) 2 (CH 3 COO)] with phosphine functionalized hetero aromatic hydrazone ligands ( HL 1–3 ) in equal moles of each reactant. The establishment of the novel complexes was validated using multiple spectral analyses (FT‐IR, UV–VIS, NMR, and ESI‐MS). X‐ray crystallographic analysis of a single crystal confirms tridentate ligand coordination and a deformed tetrahedral geometry surrounding the metal ion. The novel copper(I) complexes were assessed as catalysts for the production of highly functionalized imidazole compounds using single‐step condensation reactions of three or four components. A diverse array of substituted imidazole derivatives was synthesized by an annulation reaction utilizing 1 mol% catalyst loading, achieving a maximum yield of 98%.
Source: Applied Organometallic Chemistry
DOI: 10.1002/aoc.70436
Authors: Sandhiya Shanmugam, Sekar Gayathri, Periasamy Viswanathamurthi, Paranthaman Vijayan, Jan Grzegorz Malecki
Institutions: Periyar University, Saveetha University, WSB University
Language: English
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
Funders: Bharathiar University, Periyar University
OpenAlex ID: W4416764367