Biotechnological Approaches to Studying Lipid Profile in Neoplasia by Concentrations of Minor Lipid Components in Blood
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Colorectal cancer and other intestinal neoplasms remain among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The disease is often diagnosed at advanced stages, which limits therapeutic options and worsens prognosis. Therefore, the development of novel, non-invasive, and highly sensitive methods for early detection is of paramount importance. One promising approach involves the study of the blood lipid profile, particularly minor lipid components (MLCs), which reflect tumor-associated metabolic alterations. Purpose: To develop a methodology for determining the lipid profile of biomarkers in intestinal neoplasms based on minor lipid components of blood. Material and methods: the study included 497 participants, comprising 151 patients with confirmed intestinal neoplasms and 346 clinically healthy controls. Venous blood samples were collected after overnight fasting. Fatty acid compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Statistical analysis involved descriptive methods and Ward’s hierarchical clustering (STATISTICA 8.0). Results: significant differences in MLC concentrations were identified between groups (p < 0.05). Cluster analysis highlighted the most informative compounds (10h18, 10Me16, i17:1d9, 17:1d9, i16, i15), characterized by strong correlations and varying degrees of change. ROC analysis confirmed the diagnostic value of several metabolites. The highest performance was demonstrated by isopentadecanoic acid i17:1d9 (AUC = 0.978, Se = 92.1%, Sp = 95.7%, PPV = 90.3%, NPV = 96.5%). High diagnostic accuracy was also shown for 10-hydroxystearic acid 10h18 (AUC = 0.861, Se = 90.1%, Sp = 73.1%). Other compounds – 10Me16, 17:1d9, i16, and i15 – showed moderate or low AUC values, limiting their utility in diagnostics. Conclusion: minor lipid components of blood reflect characteristic metabolic shifts associated with intestinal neoplasms and may serve as informative biomarkers for early detection. The most significant diagnostic potential was observed for isopentadecanoic acid i17:1d9 and 10-hydroxystearic acid 10h18, which could be incorporated into multiparametric diagnostic panels. Integration of MLC analysis into screening programs may improve early colorectal cancer detection and support personalized approaches to diagnosis and disease monitoring.
Authors: T.Sh. Sadekov, O.G. Zhilenkova, E.R. Mekhtiev
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W4417036767