Conceptual designs for water treatment in demonstration plants. I. Plant designs
Year: 1979
Type: report
Abstract: We have concluded that: (1) It is worhtwhile considering procedures for production of boiler feed water which, while well established, are not always considered. We recommend consideration of counter-current regenerated ion exchange, particularly when a concentrated waste stream is preferred to a higher volume dilute waste; we recommend also consideration of reverse osmosis, particularly when a dilute waste stream with minimum total salt content is preferred. (2) Designing treatments for wastewater is limited by lack of information. Some needs are listed under recommendations. (3) The cost of treating highly concentrated, organically contaminated wastewater can be significantly reduced by using two different treatments in sequence rather than relying on one treatment only. (4) It has proved to design for a high degree of water reuse with minimum water discharge. This entailed high concentrations in circulating cooling waters which, while most probably attainable, should be demonstrated to be practical. (5) The approximate cost for water management is in the range of 10 cents/10/sup 6/ Btu for Hygas demonstration plants (east and west); 5 cents/10/sup 6/ Btu for commercial Lurgi plant; 1.1 cents/10/sup 6/ Btu for the SRC plant which has very small water streams; 15 cents/10/sup 6/ Btu for the Bigas plant using sewage (one third of the cost is to fit treated sewage for boiler feed); 19 cents/10/sup 6/ Btu for the Synthane plant with brackish water intake (the reverse osmosis units are expensive).
DOI: 10.2172/6121101
Authors: F. Seufert, R. Hicks, I. Wei, D. Goldstein
Language: English
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W4784153