Multi-beam formation using a parasitic patch integrated microstrip array for 5G communications
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This work presents the design and realization of a compact multi beam microstrip antenna array intended for 5G communication at 28 GHz. The array is built around a miniature square patch element measuring 2.95 × 2.95 mm², integrated with a transformer-coupled feed network that enables multi-beam operation through controlled phase excitation at the input ports. A dual-port orthogonal feeding scheme is initially implemented to ensure low mutual coupling, with correlation coefficient and diversity gain analysis confirming strong port isolation and independent beam control. The concept is further expanded into a five-element array supplied by eight input ports, where the central element is parasitically excited to enhance boresight directivity. By adjusting the relative phase shift among the ports, the array can generate single, dual, triple, quad, and five simultaneous beams. Simulation results indicate that a single beam yields the highest gain and narrowest beam width, while increasing the number of beams leads to moderate gain reduction and broader half-power beam width. The prototype, fabricated on a Rogers RT5880LZ substrate (εr = 1.96), occupies a compact area of 27.7 × 27.7 mm². Performance validation shows a good match between measurements and simulations, with the measured resonance at 27.8 GHz closely aligning with the simulated 27.6 GHz. Experimental characterization was carried out using a Rohde & Schwarz ZVA 40 VNA and radiation pattern measurements were performed in an anechoic chamber capable of operation up to 70 GHz.
Authors: Harshal Nigam, Monika Mathur
Language: English
Topic: Antenna Design and Analysis
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7117779232