Parkinson’s disease: Pathophysiology, current treatments, and future therapeutic approaches
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor symptoms, such as tremors, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and rigidity, as well as non-motor symptoms. The older you get, the more likely you are to have it, specifically among people aged 60 or older. Mutations in genes such as α-synuclein (SNCA), PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), as well as environmental factors, contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. The disorder involves SNCA buildup in Lewy bodies and dopaminergic neuron disintegration in the substantia nigra. Present treatments primarily involve alleviating symptoms by using levodopa (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) [L-DOPA], dopamine stimulants, and surgical interventions like deep-brain stimulation. Progress in gene therapy, stem cell research, and neuroprotective agents provides hopeful options for potential treatments that could impede the advancement of diseases. This article discusses the underlying mechanisms of PD, current treatment approaches, and possible future advancements in the research, focusing on enhancing neuroprotective and regenerative therapies for better patient results.
Source: RMC Global Journal
Author: Jeewanjot Singh
Institution: Desh Bhagat University
Language: English
Subfield: Clinical Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7125594530