Workers’ Exposure to Artificial Intelligence Across Development Stages
Year: 2026
Type: report
Abstract: This paper develops a country-specific measure of artificial intelligence exposure that accounts for variation in occupational tasks across development levels based on the data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies and extending it using comparable surveys and regression predictions. The result shows large heterogeneity between low- and high-income countries. Workers in low-income countries face lower exposure than high-income countries, mainly due to within-occupation task differences. Information and communications technology intensity and human capital explain most variation. High-income countries employ more workers in highly exposed occupations, with rising exposure driven by task shifts.
DOI: 10.22617/wps260018-2
Authors: Piotr Lewandowski, Karol Madoń, Albert Park
Institutions: Institute for Structural Research, Asian Development Bank
Language: English
Subfield: Economics and Econometrics
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: gold
OpenAlex ID: W7126029110