Methodology of Sample Selection in Sociological Research: Theoretical Foundations, Sampling Principles, Typological Classifications, and Procedural Steps
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Sampling constitutes a fundamental methodological pillar in sociological research, as it enables researchers to study complex social phenomena through a scientifically selected subset of the research population.Given the practical, financial, and logistical constraints that often prevent comprehensive population studies, the accuracy and credibility of sociological findings largely depend on the appropriateness of sample selection procedures.This study aims to provide a comprehensive methodological framework for selecting samples in sociological research by clarifying the theoretical foundations of sampling, explaining its scientific justifications, and systematically presenting its core principles, types, and procedural steps.Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, the study examines key concepts related to research populations, sampling frames, and representativeness, while highlighting the main reasons for resorting to sampling in social research.It further analyzes the stages of sample design, including defining research objectives, identifying the target population, determining data requirements, specifying accuracy levels, and selecting an appropriate sample size.Particular attention is devoted to the discussion of probability and non-probability sampling techniques, with detailed explanations of simple random, systematic, and stratified sampling methods.The study concludes that there is no universal or ideal sample size applicable to all sociological studies; rather, sample selection must be guided by the research objectives, the nature of the population, the level of homogeneity, and the methodological approach adopted.By clarifying common methodological ambiguities faced by researchers, especially in the social sciences, this paper contributes to enhancing the rigor, validity, and generalizability of sociological research findings.
DOI: 10.56334/sei/9.2.59
Authors: Abdessalam Lachheb, Fethi Boukhari
Institution: University of Eloued
Language: English
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W7127038812