Comprehensive analysis of associative relationships between indicators of cellular-humoral immunity, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in women with first trimester pregnancy loss depending on РАІ-1 gene polymorphism
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Aim - to study the associations between cell-humoral immunity indicators, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, serum PAI-1 levels, and the PAI-1 gene polymorphism variant in women with early reproductive losses. Materials and methods. The selected patients (n=115) were divided into 3 groups according to the type of polymorphism: I - 20 patients with wild-type polymorphism of the РAI-1 gene (675 5G>5G), II - 53 women with heterozygous polymorphism of the РAI-1 gene (675 5G>4G), III - 42 women with homozygous pathological polymorphism of РAI-1 (675 4G>4G). The study was based on bibliosemantic analysis; anamnestic data were evaluated; polymerase chain reaction was used to determine thrombophilia gene polymorphisms; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the level of РAI-1, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukins (IL) 4, 6, 10 in the blood serum. Results. The average age of women in the thematic groups was comparable and amounted to 32.5±0.9, 33.9±0.7 and 33.6±0.7 years, respectively. The analysis revealed certain associations between haemostasis parameters, pregnancy loss and gestational complications associated with PAI-1 gene polymorphisms. Close links were established between elevated levels of IL-4 and IL-10, their indicators with serum PAI-1 levels, and gene polymorphism. Elevated IL-4 levels were significantly associated with a history of early pregnancy loss and earlier gestation at the time of pregnancy termination. A tendency towards increased IL-6 production in the serum of women with PAI-1 gene polymorphism (675 5G>4G) and its association with a high frequency of spontaneous abortions in the history of these women was revealed. Conclusions. Pregnancy loss in the first trimester should be considered as the result of a complex interaction of genetic, immune and haemostatic factors. PAI-1 is not only a key antifibrinolytic factor, but also an acute phase protein and mediator of immune-inflammatory reactions that affects cell migration, extracellular matrix remodelling and tissue invasion. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Authors: V.V. Panov, Yu.M. Duka
Institution: Dnipro State Medical University
Language: English
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7127042566