The Trauma-Informed Care Self-Efficacy Scale (TICSES): Development and Validation for Turkish Pre-service Teachers
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This study intended to developed test psychometric properties of a scale assessing Turkish preservice teachers’ self-efficacy regarding trauma informed teaching. Employing a sequential mixed-methods design, the study began with qualitative interviews with 30 experienced educators to generate item content. This was followed by pilot testing with 22 participants and psychometric validation with 629 preservice teachers (305 for exploratory factor analysis [EFA], 324 for confirmatory factor analysis [CFA]). Principal component analysis with oblique rotation revealed a two-factor structure - Understanding of Trauma Effects (6 items) and Trauma Intervention Skills (6 items) -accounting for 53.79% of the total variance, with an interfactor correlation of r = .550. CFA supported the two-factor model with excellent fit. Internal consistency was strong for both the total scale and the subscales. Likewise, split-half reliability coefficients were high. Convergent validity was supported by moderate positive correlations with social-emotional learning competencies, while discriminant validity was supported by predominantly weak correlations with experiential avoidance. The TICSES fills a critical measurement gap in trauma-informed education by offering a psychometrically sound tool for assessing preservice teachers’ readiness to support trauma-affected students and for evaluating the impact of related professional development efforts.
Authors: Mine Begümhan Alabay, İbrahim Keklik
Institution: Hacettepe University
Language: English
Topic: Child Abuse and Trauma
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7127047249