Microplastic contamination in ice cream: Occurrence, exposure assessment, and potential health risks
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This cross-sectional study evaluated micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) contamination in 39 ice cream samples from multiple brands and price categories in Türkiye. Samples were purchased in Kastamonu/Merkez during June–August 2024 and analyzed in triplicate (117 filters). Microscopy identified 75 particles in total: filaments 56 %, fragments 29 %, films 15 %. Attenuated Total Reflectance–Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) confirmed synthetic polymers ≥ 20 μm—predominantly polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), and polyvinyl stearate (PVS)—indicating multiple entry points across processing and packaging. Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) ranged 0.34–2.05 particles mL⁻¹ kg-BW⁻¹ day⁻¹ (124.1–748.25 particles mL⁻¹ kg-BW⁻¹ year-¹) and varied by brand/price strata without statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Although the analytical window excluded particles < 20 μm, findings provide first evidence of MNPs in ice cream in Türkiye. To the best of our knowledge, this study combines a stratified market design (brands × price tiers) with polymer confirmation by ATR-FTIR (≥20 μm) and deterministic, consumption-based exposure estimates. Controls include HACCP monitoring of contact surfaces, routine filtration/piping maintenance, and careful packaging-polymer choice. Broader farm-to-fork surveillance, validated recovery studies, and toxicological testing are needed to refine exposure and risk estimates and guide risk management and policy.
Institutions: Kastamonu University, Selçuk University
Language: English
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,450
Funder: Selçuk Üniversitesi
Award: G1442083876
OpenAlex ID: W7127057906