Optimizing PCM-Enhanced Multi-Layer Roofs for Nearly Zero Energy Building Performance in Arid Climates
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: In this study, a comparative thermal performance analysis was conducted on three roof configurations under the hot climate of Iraq/Basra to evaluate their potential contribution to Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) objectives. The first two models incorporated Phase Change Materials (PCM) with different melting points (24°C and 29°C) arranged in varying sequences, while the third model represented a traditional roof with EPS insulation and concrete. Annual simulations using Design Builder program assessed the impact of PCM layer arrangements on indoor thermal regulation and cooling energy demand reduction. Results demonstrated that the PCM-based roofs significantly reduced indoor temperature fluctuations compared to the traditional roof, directly translating to substantial reductions in cooling energy requirements a critical factor for nZEB feasibility in hot regions. The configuration with PCM29 on top followed by PCM24 proved most effective, consistently maintaining indoor temperatures within a narrower and more comfortable range with daily averages 32.7°C, thereby minimizing the need for active cooling. In stark contrast, the traditional roof exhibited higher variability with peaks exceeding 42°C, indicating significantly greater cooling loads. These findings highlight that strategic optimization of PCM layer arrangement in roofs is a highly effective passive cooling strategy. This approach not only enhances occupant comfort but also dramatically reduces building cooling energy consumption, representing a vital step towards achieving nearly zero energy building performance in energy-intensive arid climates.
Source: Advanced materials research
DOI: 10.4028/p-hfydq9
Institution: Southern Technical University
Language: English
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7127732071