Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Seborrheic dermatitis is a common chronic relapsing skin disease characterized by erythematosquamous inflammatory rashes in areas with a high concentration of sebaceous glands. Despite the fact that the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the development of seborrheic dermatitis remain not fully understood, at the present stage the leading role in the development of this disease is played by: changes in the quantity and qualitative composition of sebum, dysbiosis of the skin microbiome (in particular, overgrowth of Malassezia spp.), dysfunction of the epidermal barrier and an altered immune response. Trigger factors for the development and possible recurrence of seborrheic dermatitis include environmental factors, genetic predisposition, neurological diseases, musculoskeletal pathology, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, depressive disorders, emotional stress and HIV infection. Objective. To identify the relevant etiopathogenetic factors in the development of seborrheic dermatitis, associated and triggering conditions, and to review current therapeutic options for treating patients. Materials and methods. A retrospective literature review was conducted in the PubMed, Elibrary, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and National Library of Medicine databases for the past 15 years – from 2010 to 2025—using the keywords «seborrheic dermatitis,» «treatment options for seborrheic dermatitis,» «risk factors,» «immunology,» «immunogenetics,» and «neurological disorders in patients with seborrheic dermatitis.» Results. 54 publications were included in the review. Predisposing factors for the development of seborrheic dermatitis include male gender, genetic predisposition, immune system pathology, environmental factors, changes in the composition of the skin microbiome, and hormonal imbalances. Conclusions. When treating seborrheic dermatitis, it is important not only to eliminate the symptoms of the dermatosis, but also to competently address all links in the pathogenesis. Today, studying the common links in the pathophysiology of seborrheic dermatitis and associated diseases is relevant and important, as influencing these mechanisms may be key to achieving long-term remission and improving patients’ quality of life.
Source: Medical alphabet
Authors: E. A. Sanikidze, K. B. Olkhovskaya
Institution: Central State Medical Academy
Language: English
Topic: Nail Diseases and Treatments
Subfield: Dermatology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7154367149