Work

When resources run short: the inhibitory effect of economic scarcity on third-party punishment

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: This study investigates how economic scarcity influences third-party punishment, a costly and non-self-interested behavior that plays a critical role in maintaining social norms and cooperation. In real-world contexts, individuals often operate under resource constraints that may systematically alter their cost-benefit calculations; however, it remains unclear whether and how scarcity affects the willingness to punish unfairness. Across two experiments, we examined whether scarcity reduces individuals' propensity to engage in third-party punishment. Experiment 1, involving 70 participants, showed that individuals under scarcity allocated significantly fewer resources to sanction unfair dictators than those in a control condition. Experiment 2, with 41 participants, replicated this design across two time points separated by 2 months. The results further confirmed the suppressing effect of scarcity on punishment and demonstrated a similar pattern of results across time points. These findings offer important theoretical and practical implications for promoting cooperation and effective norm enforcement under resource-limited conditions.

Source: Frontiers in Psychology

DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1801512

Authors: Hanyu Liang, Jie Li

Institutions: Inner Mongolia Normal University, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Language: English

Topic: Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies

Subfield: Economics and Econometrics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance

Domain: Social Sciences

SDG: Peace, justice, and strong institutions

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,801