The role of the gut microbiome and metabolome in potentializing metabolic health disorders. Review
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: The article presents data on the features of changes in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome in the most common metabolic-associated diseases. Attention is drawn to the significant role of the liver as the first organ that comes into contact with blood from the mesenteric outflow from the intestine, which, in addition to nutrients, may contain toxins and other components. It is noted that microbial translocation from the intestine contributes to the development of inflammatory processes in adipose tissue. Data are provided on the role of changes in the intestinal microbiome and virome in metabolic-associated pathologies. Data are also provided on the activity of intestinal microbiota metabolites in the development of heart failure, disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, and others. Among the metabolites, special attention is paid to trimethylamine oxide, phenylacetylglutamine, and short-chain fatty acids. Attention is paid to other signaling pathways of interaction between the intestinal microbiome and the human body, namely bioactive molecules — extracellular bacterial vesicles. The ability of extracellular vesicles to overcome biological barriers in the «host» organism (intestinal, endothelial, etc.) is emphasized, even if they do not have impaired permeability and accumulate in internal organs. Attention is also paid to the problem of the impact of microplastics, which can enter the body from «food» plastic containers with water and food and provoke dysbiotic changes in the intestinal microbiome and contribute to an increase in the permeability of the intestinal barrier, respectively, contributing to the development of metabolic-associated diseases (obesity, metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease, etc.). The special relevance of the development of new methods of influencing the intestinal microbiome, (fecal virome transplantation, phage therapy and the use of modified extracellular vesicles) along with dietary interventions and the use of various «biotics» is indicated. Despite the limited application of these new developments in the modification of the intestinal microbiome and the presence of many questions that have not yet been answered, their further study and application in humans are very relevant and promising in the treatment of metabolic-associated diseases (obesity, type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension and others).
Source: Modern Gastroenterology
Authors: G. D. Fadieienko, O. Y. Gridnyev
Language: English
Topic: Gut microbiota and health
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7166298629