Emerging Viral Infections and Their Impact on Respiratory and Otorhinolaryngological Health: Current Evidence, Clinical Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Emerging viral infections continue to pose significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide due to their capacity to generate acute disease, long-term sequelae, and substantial public health burdens. Respiratory viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) have demonstrated the ability to affect both the lower respiratory tract and otorhinolaryngological structures, resulting in a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. This review aimed to analyze current scientific evidence regarding respiratory and otorhinolaryngological complications associated with emerging viral infections, with particular emphasis on epidemiological characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical presentations, diagnostic considerations, and healthcare implications. A narrative literature review was conducted using scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library, complemented by reports from international health organizations. The findings revealed that viral pneumonia, persistent dyspnea, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and post-viral pulmonary dysfunction were among the most frequently reported respiratory complications. Otorhinolaryngological manifestations included anosmia, hyposmia, dysgeusia, rhinosinusitis, otitis media, dysphonia, hearing disturbances, and vestibular symptoms. The evidence also highlighted the growing importance of post-viral sequelae, particularly persistent respiratory symptoms and sensory dysfunctions that may affect quality of life long after the acute infection has resolved. Regional studies from Mexico, Colombia, and Ecuador demonstrated patterns comparable to those reported internationally, emphasizing the relevance of emerging viral diseases throughout Latin America. The available evidence supports the need for continued surveillance, multidisciplinary clinical management, and further research aimed at improving the understanding, prevention, and treatment of respiratory and otorhinolaryngological complications associated with emerging viral pathogens.
Source: IECCMEXICO
DOI: 10.64784/231
Language: English
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7166301966