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Whole genome elucidation of cadmium resistant genes in Enterobacter cloacae SK1 isolated from foundry soil and it’s in situ bioremediation potential

Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Background: Cadmium pollution predominates in foundry soil and causes several human threats. Cadmium removal by physical or chemical methods are costlier bioremediation mediated by microbes is of at most importance. Aim: To isolate and explore Enterobacter cloacae for cadmium removal. Materials and Methods: E. cloacae SK1 was isolated from cadmium-contaminated foundry soil. Further, its Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and optimization studies were carried out to bring out the maximal removal rate of cadmium. FTIR analysis was performed to detect active groups. SEM and TEM analysis were done to study the changes caused by the cadmium in bacterial strain. Further, E. cloacae SK1 was immobilized by alginate, agarose, chitosan and its efficiency in cadmium removal was studied. Detection of cadmium resistant genes were also performed using RAST server. Results: E. cloacae SK1, showed MIC value of 1300 ppm for cadmium. Further, at optimized conditions, 98.17% of cadmium removal was exhibited by E. cloacae SK1. The FTIR analysis showed active involvement of O-H, N-O, C-H and O=C=O groups in cadmium binding. SEM and TEM analysis showed morphological changes and intracellular accumulation of cadmium. Further, alginate immobilized cells of E. cloacae SK1 showed maximal removal of cadmium both in in vitro and in situ condition. Conclusion: This study reveals the better usage of alginate-immobilized cells over native cells for cadmium removal from foundry soil. Further, the RAST study reveals czcABD, zitB and cusABCF genes confers cadmium resistance for the active strain.
DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.15194.1780292059
Language: English
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7166318108
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Cites: 54
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Related to: 10