Beyond the Password: A Comparative Breakdown of Background and Behavioral Authentication in Mitigating Advanced Cyber Threats
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Outdated authentication prototypes, chiefly relying on inert credentials plus Time-based One-Time Passwords (TOTP), which remain increasingly predisposed to stylish cyber threats like Man-in-the-Middle (MITM), meeting hijacking and computerized repetition attacks. This paper grants a comparative examination of lively authentication prototypes, explicitly aiming on Contextual Authentication as well as Behavioral Biometrics. We examine the practical frameworks of real-time environmental factors comprising IP-based geolocation as well as device fingerprinting together with physiological-behavioral forms such as keystroke dynamics plus pointer telemetry. The study assesses the worth of these adaptive layers in recognizing anomalies that dodge conventional Two-Factor Authentication (2FA). Still, critical implementation hurdles were addressed especially algorithmic bias, false rejection rates (FRR) as well as the privacy implications of unceasing monitoring. By combining present research, this review demonstrates exactly how flowing from "point-in-time" verification to "continuous, context-aware" validation generates a more robust security pose proficient of confirming both the identity of the handler and the legality of the admittance environment.
Institutions: Southern Delta University, Ozoro, Delta State University
Language: English
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7166327361