Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Introduction. The replacement of craniofacial defects is complicated by high aesthetic requirements and remains a serious clinical problem. Autobone grafting is the main method of replacing such defects, but it has a number of disadvantages. Research Objective. To develop a technology of skull defect replacement by means of three-dimensional reconstruction of the defect, modification and subsequent printing of an implant capable of replacement by bone tissue. Methods. The study was carried out in 2 stages: development of the technique of defect reconstruction and subsequent printing of the implant; stage of evaluation of biological properties of the developed implants on rabbits. The animals were divided into two groups: experimental - a model of a bone defect of the skull with implantation of a block of polylactide (PLA); control - a model of a bone defect of the skull without implantation. After 4 weeks of in vivo experiment, multispiral computed tomography (MSCT), clinical blood count (CBC) and histologic examination were performed. Results. Implants were obtained using 3D Slicer and Blender programs. No signs of systemic inflammatory reaction were detected by CBCT. MSCT data showed no signs of bone tissue replacement of the defect and bone destruction along the bone-implant interface. In the control group lysed bone edges were detected. According to the results of histologic examination, inflammatory infiltration is not determined. In the control group, the bone tissue adjacent to the defect area has lytic changes. Conclusions. The technique of creating individual three-dimensional implants for the replacement of complex bone defects of the skull has been developed. The use of biodegradable blocks prevents lysis of the bone defect edge.
Institutions: Russian Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after R.R. Vreden, Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Centre, First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ioffe Institute, Saint-Petersburg I. I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Saint - Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical Academy
Language: English
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7167102499