Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Human civilization is deeply intertwined with the Earth’s systems and the vital ecological services they provide. The long viability of both depends significantly on how well they can withstand and adapt to various systemic challenges. A major factor influencing this relationship is climate change, which endangers not only human infrastructure and societies but also key components of the planet, such as the ocean and atmosphere. The potential consequences of climate change are far-reaching and could be catastrophic. The historic Toronto conference declaration from 1988 stated that a worldwide nuclear war might be the second most dire outcome of climate change. Despite decades after such declarations, the climate catastrophe is still poorly understood. This paper fills this gap by making explanations/discourses for requisite communities. It explains foundational concepts of climate change, a phenomenon that impacts both people and the environment. Current projections suggest that by the 21st century, nearly 5 billion individuals may be living in regions experiencing severe drought, water shortages, and advancing desertification. It is estimated that the effects of climate change may exceed current understanding. It adopted a mixed-methods approach in its methodology.
Authors: Tano D Agusomu, Olawari D J Egbe
Institution: Niger Delta University
Language: English
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
SDG: Climate action
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7167621613