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Probiotic mixture golden bifid attenuates dyslipidemia in obesity, reshapes gut microbiota, and downregulates FABP2 expression

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Background Our previous study demonstrated that fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) expression was significantly upregulated in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). In the present study we evaluated the effects and therapeutic mechanisms of Golden Bifid, a probiotic mixture Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum , Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (BSL) on HFD-induced obesity and gut microbiota composition. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a normal diet or an HFD. HFD-fed mice were orally administered saline or BSL by gavage. After 6 weeks of treatment, organ indices, blood lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose, gene expression, and gut microbiota composition were analyzed. Results BSL treatment reduced body weight gain, fasting blood glucose, and epididymal white adipose tissue mass, increased the brown adipose tissue index, and improved serum, fecal, and hepatic lipids profiles in HFD-induced obese mice. BSL also significantly altered the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and transport in the jejunum. Specifically, the mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, FABP2, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), and PPAR α were significantly decreased, whereas liver X receptor α (LXR-α) expression was significantly increased. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis further showed that BSL suppressed fatty acid metabolism and the PPAR signaling pathway. In addition, BSL increased the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae , Bifidobacteriaceae , Barnesiella and Paramuribaculum , while decreasing that of Allobaculum , Blautia and Kribbibacteriaceae . Conclusion BSL improves obesity and obesity-associated lipid metabolism disorders, modulates gut microbiota, and inhibiting the expression of PPARγ, FABP2, HMG-CoA reductase and PPARα. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

Source: Annals of Microbiology

DOI: 10.1186/s13213-026-01887-1