Hydrochemical evolution and corrosion-scaling potential of groundwater resources in a semi-arid region: A multi-index assessment
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: ABSTRACT Groundwater resources in semi-arid regions are increasingly subjected to qualitative pressures from both natural and anthropogenic sources. This study presents a multi-index assessment of hydrochemical evolution and corrosion-scaling potential in Torbat Heydariyeh, Zaveh, and Mahvelat (Iran), based on 828 groundwater samples collected during 2018-2022. Major ions and physicochemical parameters were analyzed, hydrochemical facies were identified using Piper diagrams, and corrosion-scaling tendencies were evaluated using the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), and Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI). Spatial distribution was mapped using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method. Results indicate that groundwater is dominated by Ca-Mg-Cl-SO₄ and Ca-Mg-HCO₃ facies, reflecting carbonate-controlled hydrochemistry with limited influence of Na-Cl waters. Total dissolved solids ranged from 312 to 2,850 mg/L, and total hardness from 98 to 680 mg/L as CaCO₃. Stability indices revealed predominantly scaling conditions, most samples classified as moderately scaling and only a small fraction as corrosive. Temporal analysis showed increasing mineralization and scaling intensity, suggesting ongoing water-rock interaction and evaporation effects. Most parameters complied with WHO drinking water guidelines, although Na⁺ and TDS showed lower compliance. These findings provide insight into groundwater evolution in semi-arid regions and offer a practical framework for assessing corrosion-scaling risks in water supply systems.
Source: Desalination and Water Treatment
Language: English
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,000
OpenAlex ID: W7201857893