Work

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from medicinal plants: a comprehensive review and bibliometric analysis

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: This study provides a comprehensive overview of essential oil (EO) research through a dual approach: a narrative synthesis of their chemical and biological properties, and a quantitative bibliometric analysis of global scientific trends. The narrative review details the chemical complexity of EOs, dominated by terpenoids and phenylpropanoids, and analyses their mechanisms of action, particularly cell membrane disruption. While highlighting their broad antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, the review critically addresses the barriers to clinical translation, including toxicity, standardisation, and regulatory hurdles. Complementing this mechanistic foundation, the bibliometric analysis of 17,330 documents (2015 to 2025) reveals a field in rapid structural evolution, with an annual growth rate of 15.5% driven by leading research hubs in China and Brazil. Keyword co-occurrence mapping highlights a clear transition from fundamental phytochemical profiling toward advanced technological applications, such as nanoencapsulation and green extraction. Ultimately, this work demonstrates that bridging the gap between in vitro efficacy and clinical applicability through rigorous standardisation and innovative delivery systems is essential to fully integrate EOs into modern evidence-based medicine.

Source: Results in Engineering

DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2026.112439