Clinical, Endoscopic and Histopathological Spectrum of Oesophageal Lesions: A Cross-Sectional Study of Endoscopy-Biopsy Concordance at a Tertiary-Care Centre in Jaipur, India
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background: Oesophageal lesions encompass inflammatory, premalignant, and malignant conditions with overlapping clinical and endoscopic appearances. Histopathological evaluation remains essential for definitive diagnosis and appropriate management. Objective: To describe the clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological spectrum of oesophageal lesions and assess associations between patient characteristics, endoscopic findings, and broad histopathological categories. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional observational study included 80 adults with endoscopically detected oesophageal lesions who underwent biopsy at a tertiary-care centre in Jaipur, India. Demographic data, symptoms, risk factors, radiological findings, endoscopic features, and histopathological diagnoses were recorded. Associations were analysed using the chi-square test, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age was 54.21 ± 12.94 years, and 70.0% were men. Dysphagia was the commonest symptom (66.3%), followed by heartburn or regurgitation (61.3%). The lower third was the most frequently involved site (53.8%). Histopathologically, 57.5% of lesions were non-neoplastic, 10.0% premalignant, and 32.5% malignant. Chronic reflux or nonspecific oesophagitis was the commonest diagnosis (35.0%), while squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant malignancy (26.3%). Age, residence, dysphagia, heartburn or regurgitation, weight loss, smoking, tobacco chewing, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were significantly associated with histopathological category. Endoscopic impression showed a strong association with histopathology (P<0.001), with 77.5% concordance. Conclusion: Oesophageal lesions showed a broad histopathological spectrum, with inflammatory lesions predominating and squamous cell carcinoma remaining the principal malignancy. Despite good endoscopy-histopathology concordance, biopsy confirmation was indispensable, particularly for suspicious, discordant, or premalignant lesions across routine tertiary-care diagnostic practice settings.
Language: English
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7203553863