Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: An FSO communication system is a line-of-sight method of communication between an optical transmitter and an optical receiver through the atmosphere. The FSO delivers higher data speeds than RF, although atmospheric fading reduces link availability. Use of backup links may offer a solution, along with providing similar data rates, by ensuring continuous communication even when the FSO link is compromised due to atmospheric conditions. The hybrid networks of Free Space Optics (FSO) and backup radio frequency (RF) links enhance availability. This paper describes a multi-function FSO with 1550 nm and RF connections in 1 GHz, 5 GHz, and 10 GHz. The simulation is done with the BER and data rate of the modulation formats NRZ-OOK, L-PPM, and RZ-OOK as a function of the link distance at a snow rate of 25 mm/hr. Additionally, the study simulated the BER and data rate as a function of the snow rate for a link distance of 2.5 km. According to the results of the simulation, RF link performance at 1 GHz is better suited for a hybrid system in snowy weather circumstances. L-PPM performed best in snowy weather relative to other modulation formats examined in the simulation.
Institutions: Al-Nisour University, Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7203623213