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Numerical Simulation Study of Polydisperse Particle Transport and Deposition in Bifurcated Fractures with Variable Intersection Angles

Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: ABSTRACT This study numerically investigates the transport and deposition of polydisperse dense particles in a bifurcated fracture with variable intersection angles (θ). A Lagrangian particle tracing simulation was conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics software to track particle trajectories. Particles were injected at the inlet of the parent fracture and transported under the influence of drag and gravity forces. The transport parameters were derived by fitting the model to the 1D advection-dispersion equation. The results indicate that intersection angles significantly influence fluid flow and particle mobility, with nonlinear velocity variations becoming pronounced at θ > 90°. Higher flow velocities enhanced particle mobility at θ = 30° to 60°. However, increasing intersection angles and velocities led to a reduction in concentration plateaus due to increased mixing and attachment to the fracture walls. The dispersion coefficient decreased after reaching optimal angles of 30°, 60°, and 150°, depending on flow velocity. The deposition coefficient increased at higher velocities due to enhanced particle-wall interaction. The mean residence time analysis revealed that wider bifurcation angles increased retention, while larger apertures reduced mean residence times due to higher particle velocities. Particle size distribution also plays a major role, as particles with a radius of 0-2 μm exhibit a higher retention rate. This study provides valuable insights for designing and managing subsurface sanitation systems, controlling contaminant transport, and developing environmental remediation strategies in fractured rocks and the soil environment.
DOI: 10.1590/s1413-415220250113
Language: English
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7203634036
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Cites: 43
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Related to: 10