Work

Performance Assessment of Selected Eco-friendly Oils in Turning Operations of Plain Carbon Steel

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: An evaluation is presented of biodegradable cutting fluids, namely lard oil cutting fluid (LOCF), tallow oil cutting fluid (TOCF), palm oil cutting fluid (POCF), and palm kernel oil cutting fluid (PKOCF), in comparison to a mineral oil cutting fluid (MCF), during turning of AISI 1028 steel. Tests were performed at cutting speeds from 73 to 165 rpm, feeds ranging from 0.11 to 0.44 mm/rev, and depths of cut of 1 to 3 mm. Performance was assessed using tool wear, temperature, spindle power consumption (SPC), surface roughness (Ra), material removal rate (MRR), and machining time.The MRR was the highest for POCF (5000 mm/min) and the lowest machining time was 4-5 min. However, PKOCF was better for the tool wear (160 m) and surface roughness (Ra 1.25 m). The palm-based fluids decreased the temperature (135-138 °C) and SPC (0.9-1.2 kW), unlike TOCF, which was the worst since there was greater friction. ANOVA showed that the cutting fluid significantly impacted all the responses (p < 0.05). Taylor's tool life equation VTn = C, n = 0.25 for the HSS-AISI 1028 steel was employed to estimate the tool life at optimum cutting speed of 8.29 m/min (165 rpm). Estimated tool life ranged from 0.58 h (MCF) to 1.08 h (PKOCF), with PKOCF and POCF achieving 1.08 h (65 min) and 1.00 h (60 min), respectively, compared with 0.58–0.75 h for mineral and animal-based fluids. Machining constants were determined through regression method with results from wear experiments data. It shows good agreement of R = 0.92 (92% variation in tool-life) and prediction was consistent with the experimental data because wear decreased, temperatures were lower and steady boundary lubrication had maintained. From these results, palm based cutting fluids showed best performance from the aspect of tribological behaviour and thermal behavior among tested cutting fluid.

Source: Nigerian Journal of Technology

DOI: 10.67358/njt.2026.6806

Authors: Ismaila Alabi, A. P. Okediji, O. I Joseph, A. O. Oyefolahan, M. O. Kareem

Institutions: Elizade University, Osun State University

Language: English

Topic: Advanced machining processes and optimization

Subfield: Mechanical Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Responsible consumption and production

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $185