Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: The paper analyzes the image of the enemy in the political discourse of supporters of Carlos María Isidro de Bourbon (Don Carlos) during the First Carlist War in Spain (1833–1840). The material for the study were the program documents of the Carlist movement in this period (103 documents). In the corpus of texts, the lexical items related to the opponents of the Carlists in the conflict were identified. The selected lexical units were distributed across the semantic fields of “rebellion”, “religion”, “crime”, “liberalism”, “foreign influence”, “slavery”, and “fueros”. The analysis showed that the largest number of lexical items belong to the semantic fields “rebellion” and “religion”. The most frequent lexeme used in relation to the “enemy” in the studied corpus of texts belongs to the semantic field “rebellion” — revolución ‘revolution’. The intersection of the semantic fields “rebellion” and “religion” was noted when creating the image of the enemy. In the analyzed texts, the opponents of the Carlists appear as agents of foreign influence and criminals. At the same time, only two lexical items belong to the semantic field “fueros”. The results obtained allow us to question the hypothesis of the neo-Carlist scientific school about Carlism as a movement of social protest, as well as the Regionalist hypothesis, according to which supporters of Don Carlos were the ideological predecessors of Catalan and Basque nationalists.
Author: Andrei A. Tereshchuk
Institution: Herzen University
Language: English
Subfield: Linguistics and Language
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7203755461