Parameter Laboratorium sebagai Penanda Prognosis pada Abses Submandibula: Laporan Kasus dan Tinjauan Pustaka
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Case Report
Abstract: Background: Submandibular abscess is a deep neck infection that can rapidly progress to sepsis, organ dysfunction, and death. Early identification of high-risk patients through laboratory parameters may assist clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes. Case Report: A 57-year-old woman presented with submandibular swelling, sore throat, and trismus due to an odontogenic infection. Laboratory examination revealed an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of 12.46, thrombocytopenia, elevated urea (159 mg/dL) and creatinine (2.11 mg/dL), and lymphopenia. During hospitalization, the patient's condition deteriorated into sepsis accompanied by impaired consciousness. Blood gas analysis revealed mixed acidosis, severe hypoxemia (PaO2/FiO2 = 100), and an elevated lactate level of 2.35 mmol/L, indicating tissue hypoperfusion. Despite antibiotic therapy, supportive treatment, and intensive care, the patient experienced cardiac arrest and died. Literature Review: A review of 13 studies showed that inflammatory biomarkers, particularly NLR, C-reactive protein (CRP), and the Sistemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), were associated with infection severity, intensive care requirements, length of hospital stay, complications, and mortality. Renal function parameters, such as urea and creatinine, also serve as prognostic indicators, particularly in patients with renal impairment or sepsis. In addition, blood gas analysis and lactate levels help identify oxygenation failure and hypoperfusion, indicating sistemic deterioration. Conclusion: Routinely available laboratory parameters, including NLR, CRP, SII, leukocyte count, urea, creatinine, and blood gas analysis, have important prognostic value in submandibular abscess. Integrating biomarkers with clinical assessment may support risk stratification, accelerate treatment decisions, and potentially improve patient outcomes.
Source: Jurnal Anestesi
Institution: Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Language: English
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7203891103