Formation and Penetration Damage Effects of Uniform-Thickness Liner TEFPs on Metal Targets
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This study investigates a toroidal explosively formed projectile (TEFP) warhead with an 88 mm charge diameter and uniform-thickness liners. Normal penetration experiments on double‑layer Q235 steel targets were conducted at varying stand-off distances and liner thicknesses (3 mm and 4.5 mm), complemented by LS‑DYNA simulations to analyze TEFP formation and penetration behavior. Increasing stand-off distance and liner thickness enlarge the penetration hole diameter but reduce penetration capability and behind‑armor damage, with the hole-bottom failure mode transitioning from shear to tension. Grain evolution at hole sidewalls proceeds through dynamic recrystallization, severe elongation, and distorted deformation. Based on the impact angle θ, three penetration modes are identified: positive cutting (0° < θ ≤ 85°), accurate cutting (85° < θ ≤ 95°), and reverse cutting (95° < θ < 180°).
Institution: PLA Army Engineering University
Language: English
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,078
OpenAlex ID: W7204075277