Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Today in the world Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of mortality, which depends on lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are macromolecular that transport lipids in the bloodstream and consist of chylomicrons, Very Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL), Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL), High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL), and related apolipoproteins. Their distinct taxonomy and structural organization set them apart. Particles are metabolised through carefully regulated endogenous and external pathways as well as conventional reverse cholesterol transport functions that regulate lipid homeostasis. Uncontrolled lipid metabolism is a major cause of hypertension. the arterial wall. Plaque formation increased due to fatty streaks, foam cells, infiltration of LDL, degradation of endothelium and oxidative changes in the arterial wall. Plaque stability and necrotic core development increase the risk of acute cardiovascular disorder and cause a massive heart attack. Environmental and metabolic factors is one of the main causes of high cholesterol levels. In addition, biological and epigenetic mechanisms like microRNA-mediated regulation, DNA methylation, and genes that cause high cholesterol levels have an impact on lipoprotein activity and cardiovascular risk. In modern therapeutic developments, targeted modulation of lipoprotein biology has taken the role of conventional lipid-lowering methods. Novel innovations of modern treatment include PCSK9 inhibitors, CRISPR-mediated gene editing, and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapies. Other important aspects of lowering cardiovascular risk are HDL mimetics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and lifestyle modifications. This review emphasises the complex role of lipoproteins in the progress and analyses new knowledge on genetic and epigenetic reactivity, and explores new therapies. To advance cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment approaches, subsequent investigations must concentrate on enhanced lipid profiling, tailored medication, and multi-omics integration.
Institutions: Seacom Skills University, Government of West Bengal
Language: English
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W7204091517