Work

Circular Shifting-Based Secure Key Generation for FDD Wireless Systems

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Wireless channel-based secret key generation (SKG) exploits channel reciprocity in time division duplexing (TDD) systems for symmetric key extraction. In frequency division duplexing (FDD), the lack of reciprocity requires multiple exchanges, exposing channel information to eavesdroppers. To mitigate this, we propose a circular shifting-based physical-layer method for FDD-SKG, where pilot sequences are circularly shifted and transmitted. This adds randomness, improves security, and remains lightweight. In addition, the letter presents a unified theoretical analysis of wireless channel-based SKG performance in both TDD and FDD systems, deriving key mismatch probability and key generation rate. Simulation results validate the proposed method’s security, confirm key randomness through the National Institute of Standards and Technology Statistical Test Suite, and validate the theoretical analyses.

Source: IEEE Wireless Communications Letters

DOI: 10.1109/lwc.2026.3726622

Authors: Mehmet Ali Aygul, Ebubekir Memisoglu, Hakan Ali Cirpan, Huseyin Arslan

Institutions: Istanbul Technical University, Samsun University, Istanbul Medipol University

Language: English

Topic: Wireless Communication Security Techniques

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $2,645

OpenAlex ID: W7204112957

FWCI:

Cites: 22

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Related to: 10